Brain anatomy

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Thalamus and internal capsule fibers segmented

Data source:
Cite tractography:
Tractography of the illustrated fibers was created using the Autotrack function of DSI Studio software (https://dsi-studio.labsolver.org/) based on the averaged HCP-1065 young adult fiber templates (1 mm resolution) of the WU-Minn Consortium (Yeh FC. Population-based tract-to-region connectome of the human brain and its hierarchical topology. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):4933. Published 2022 Aug 22. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32595-4, https://brain.labsolver.org/hcp_template.html). A total of 3000-15000 tracts were generated for each pathway and were further filtered for false and unrelated fibers employing the default pathway recognition of the software based on the included tractography atlas (Yeh FC, Panesar S, Fernandes D, et al. Population-averaged atlas of the macroscale human structural connectome and its network topology. Neuroimage. 2018;178:57-68. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.027).
Cite brain map regions:
Three dimensional models of cortical and subcortical brain regions were based on the maximum probability cytoarchitectonic maps from the Julich-Brain Atlas (v3.1) and the extended HCP-MMP atlas HCPex. Both atlases are provided in MNI ICBM 152 2009c Nonlinear Asymmetric space.
1. Julich-Brain Atlas, cytoarchitectonic maps (v3.1) DOI: 10.25493/KNSN-XB4, released 23.06.2024
https://search.kg.ebrains.eu/instances/f1fe19e8-99bd-44bc-9616-a52850680777
Amunts, K., Mohlberg, H., Bludau, S., Caspers, S., Lewis, L. B., Eickhoff, S. B., & Pieperhoff, P. (2023). Julich-Brain Atlas, cytoarchitectonic maps (v3.1) [Data set].
Amunts, K., Mohlberg, H., Bludau, S., & Zilles, K. (2020). Julich-Brain: A 3D probabilistic atlas of the human brain’s cytoarchitecture. Science, 369(6506), 988–992. DOI: 10.1126/science.abb4588
2. The extended Human Connectome Project multimodal parcellation atlas of the human cortex and subcortical areas (v1.1).
https://github.com/wayalan/HCPex
Huang CC, Rolls ET, Feng J, Lin CP. An extended Human Connectome Project multimodal parcellation atlas of the human cortex and subcortical areas. Brain Struct Funct. 2022 Apr;227(3):763-778. Epub 2021 Nov 17. doi: 10.1007/s00429-021-02421-6
Huang CC, Rolls ET, Hsu CH, Feng J, Lin CP. Extensive Cortical Connectivity of the Human Hippocampal Memory System: Beyond the "What" and "Where" Dual Stream Model. Cerebral Cortex. 2021 May 19;bhab113. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhab113.
1. Thalamus nuclei
2. Internal capsule segmented
Legend: Right side - motor fibers - pyramidal tract and extrapyramidal system; Left side - sensory fibers, limbic fibers, optic radiation
3. Internal capsule descending and ascending fibers
Legend: Right side: pyramidal (descending anterior limb of the internal capsule)l tract, sensory tract (posterior limb of the internal capsule)
Left side (descending): Frontopontine ( limb of the internal capsule), Perietopontine(posterior limb of the internal capsule), Occipitopontine fibers (retrolenticular part of the internal capsule)
4. Motor (pyramidal) descending pathway (posterior limb and genu of the internal capsule)
5. Anterior group thalamic nuclei
Legend: Limbic system, associated with the Papez circuit
6. Ventral group thalamic nuclei
Legend: Associated with the extrapyramidal motor system
7. Mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus
Legend: Limbic system, higher cognitive functions (cognition, emotions and memory, sensory integration)
8. Ventralis posteromedialis (VPM) and ventralis posterolateralis (VPL) nuclei of the thalamus
Legend:Sensory system ascending fibers - VPM - face sensory (tactile, pain, temperature, and proprioceptive information) to sensory cortex; VPL - body sensory (tactile, proprioceptive, pain, and temperature information) to the somatosensory cortex
9. Lateralis posterior and pulvinar nuclei
Legend: involved in sensory integration and higher cognitive functions (spatial attention, and visuomotor coordination).Both nuclei aid transmission of visual and spatial information to the parietal lobe, aiding in tasks such as object localization, movement coordination, and visual attention.
10. Optic radiation and LGN
Legend: Visual pathways