1. Bony nasal septum
Midline sagittal cut of the skull, presenting the bony nasal septum (vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone). 360 degrees skull scanning presenting lateral skull surface and skull base.
Annotations Vomer, Perppendicular plate, Ethmoid bone, Rostrum sphenoidale, Sphenoid sinus, Middle nasal turbinate, Bony nasal septum, Clivus, Clival recess, Sella turcica, Tuberculum sellae, Chiasmatic sulcus, Limbus sphenoidale, Planum sphenoidale, Roof of the orbit, Optic strut, Anterior clinoid process, Optic canal, Inferior petrosal sinus groove, Tuberculum jugulare, Internal acoustic canal, Suprameatal tubercle, Hypoglossal canal, Occipital condyle, Stylomastoid foramen, Styloid process, Glenoid fossa, Jugular foramen, Carotid canal, Foramen ovale, Foramen lacerum, Lateral pterygoid plate, Maxilla, Pterion
Midline sagittal cut of the skull, presenting the bony nasal septum (vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone). 360 degrees skull scanning presenting lateral skull surface and skull base.
Annotations Vomer, Perppendicular plate, Ethmoid bone, Rostrum sphenoidale, Sphenoid sinus, Middle nasal turbinate, Bony nasal septum, Clivus, Clival recess, Sella turcica, Tuberculum sellae, Chiasmatic sulcus, Limbus sphenoidale, Planum sphenoidale, Roof of the orbit, Optic strut, Anterior clinoid process, Optic canal, Inferior petrosal sinus groove, Tuberculum jugulare, Internal acoustic canal, Suprameatal tubercle, Hypoglossal canal, Occipital condyle, Stylomastoid foramen, Styloid process, Glenoid fossa, Jugular foramen, Carotid canal, Foramen ovale, Foramen lacerum, Lateral pterygoid plate, Maxilla, Pterion
2. Turbinates bone anatomy
Midline sagittal cut of the skull. The bony nasal septum is removed, presenting the bone anatomy of the nasal turbinates. 360 degrees skull scanning presenting lateral skull surface and skull base.
Annotations Inferior turbinate, Middle turbinate, Superior turbinate, Sphenoid ostium, Sphenoid rostrum, Ethmoid aircell, Sphenoid sinus, Sellar floor, Opticocarotid recess, Carotid prominence, Clivusm Sella turcica, Tuberculum sellae, Planum sphenoidale, Roof of the orbit, Anterior clinoid process, Crista galli, Cribriform plate, Frontal sinus, Nasal bone, Lacrimal bone, Frontal process of maxilla, Tuberculum jugulare, Internal acoustic canal, Suprameatal tubercle, Condylar fossa, Occipital condyle, Stylomastoid foramen, Styloid process, Glenoid fossa, Mastoid process
Midline sagittal cut of the skull. The bony nasal septum is removed, presenting the bone anatomy of the nasal turbinates. 360 degrees skull scanning presenting lateral skull surface and skull base.
Annotations Inferior turbinate, Middle turbinate, Superior turbinate, Sphenoid ostium, Sphenoid rostrum, Ethmoid aircell, Sphenoid sinus, Sellar floor, Opticocarotid recess, Carotid prominence, Clivusm Sella turcica, Tuberculum sellae, Planum sphenoidale, Roof of the orbit, Anterior clinoid process, Crista galli, Cribriform plate, Frontal sinus, Nasal bone, Lacrimal bone, Frontal process of maxilla, Tuberculum jugulare, Internal acoustic canal, Suprameatal tubercle, Condylar fossa, Occipital condyle, Stylomastoid foramen, Styloid process, Glenoid fossa, Mastoid process
3. Ethmoid bone
360 degrees skull scanning (midline sagittal cut) presenting the ethmoid air cells.
Annotations Inferior turbinate, Ethmoid aircells, Sphenoid sinus, Carotid prominence, Optic-carotid recess, Optic strut, Roof of the orbit, Anterior clinoid process, Sphenoid septum, Sella turcica, Posterior clinoid process, Clivus, Internal acousti canal, Suprameatal tubercle, Jugular foramen, Hypoglossal canal, Occipital condyle, Clivus, Inferior petrosal sinus groove, Superior petrosal sinus groove, Arcuate eminence, Sigmoid sinus groove, Transverse sinus groove, Squama occipitalis, Posterior limb of foramen magnum, Orbital roof, Frontal sinus, Groove of the middle meningeal artery
360 degrees skull scanning (midline sagittal cut) presenting the ethmoid air cells.
Annotations Inferior turbinate, Ethmoid aircells, Sphenoid sinus, Carotid prominence, Optic-carotid recess, Optic strut, Roof of the orbit, Anterior clinoid process, Sphenoid septum, Sella turcica, Posterior clinoid process, Clivus, Internal acousti canal, Suprameatal tubercle, Jugular foramen, Hypoglossal canal, Occipital condyle, Clivus, Inferior petrosal sinus groove, Superior petrosal sinus groove, Arcuate eminence, Sigmoid sinus groove, Transverse sinus groove, Squama occipitalis, Posterior limb of foramen magnum, Orbital roof, Frontal sinus, Groove of the middle meningeal artery
4. Uncinate process and bulla ethmoidalis
Middle and superior turbinates are removed. The bulla ethmoidalis and uncinate process are visible. Hiatus semilunaris, located inferior to the bulla ethmoidalis is presented. The semilunar hiatus is the anatomical space where the frontal, maxillary and anterior ethmoidal sinuses open.
Annotations Inferior turbinate, Sphenoid sinus, Rostrum sphenoidale, Sphenoid sinus ostium, Carotid prominence, Optic-carotid recess, Optic strut, Roof of the orbit, Anterior clinoid process, Tuberculum sellae, Planum sphenoidale, Chiasmatic sulcus, Sella turcica, Crista galli, Cribriform plate, Frontal sinus, Bulla ethmoidalis, Uncinate process, Frontal sinus opening, Medial pterygoid plate, Lateral pterygoid plate, Orbital roof, Lesser sphenoid wing, Sphenoid ridge, Groove of the middle meningeal artery, Internal acoustic canal, Jugular foramen, Jugular tubercle, Hypoglossal canal, Posterior lip of foramen magnum, Squama occipitalis, Groove of the transverse sinus, Sigmoid sinus, Occipital tubercle, Maxilla - hard plate, Semilunar hiatus
Middle and superior turbinates are removed. The bulla ethmoidalis and uncinate process are visible. Hiatus semilunaris, located inferior to the bulla ethmoidalis is presented. The semilunar hiatus is the anatomical space where the frontal, maxillary and anterior ethmoidal sinuses open.
Annotations Inferior turbinate, Sphenoid sinus, Rostrum sphenoidale, Sphenoid sinus ostium, Carotid prominence, Optic-carotid recess, Optic strut, Roof of the orbit, Anterior clinoid process, Tuberculum sellae, Planum sphenoidale, Chiasmatic sulcus, Sella turcica, Crista galli, Cribriform plate, Frontal sinus, Bulla ethmoidalis, Uncinate process, Frontal sinus opening, Medial pterygoid plate, Lateral pterygoid plate, Orbital roof, Lesser sphenoid wing, Sphenoid ridge, Groove of the middle meningeal artery, Internal acoustic canal, Jugular foramen, Jugular tubercle, Hypoglossal canal, Posterior lip of foramen magnum, Squama occipitalis, Groove of the transverse sinus, Sigmoid sinus, Occipital tubercle, Maxilla - hard plate, Semilunar hiatus
5. Sphenoid ostium and vidian canal
The bulla ethmoidalis, uncinate process are removed. Maxillary sinus is presented. The sphenoid sinus ostium as well as the ostium of the vidian canal are visible. The ethmoid air cells covering the lamina papyracea are preserved.
Annotations Ethmoid aircells covering lamina papiracea, Frontal sinus opening, Rostrum of the sphenoid sinus, Sphenoid sinus ostium, Sphenoid sinus, Clivus, Sellar floor, Carotid prominence, Optic-carotid recess, Posterior ethmoid aircell, Superior orbital fissure, Roof of the orbit, Tuberculum sellae, Planum sphenoidale, Chiasmatic sulcus, Sella turcica, Crista galli, Cribriform plate, Frontal sinus, Groove of the middle meningeal artery, Internal acoustic canal, Jugular foramen, Suprameatal tubercle, Jugular tubercle, Hypoglossal canal, Sigmoid sinus, Transverse sinus, Squama occipitalis
The bulla ethmoidalis, uncinate process are removed. Maxillary sinus is presented. The sphenoid sinus ostium as well as the ostium of the vidian canal are visible. The ethmoid air cells covering the lamina papyracea are preserved.
Annotations Ethmoid aircells covering lamina papiracea, Frontal sinus opening, Rostrum of the sphenoid sinus, Sphenoid sinus ostium, Sphenoid sinus, Clivus, Sellar floor, Carotid prominence, Optic-carotid recess, Posterior ethmoid aircell, Superior orbital fissure, Roof of the orbit, Tuberculum sellae, Planum sphenoidale, Chiasmatic sulcus, Sella turcica, Crista galli, Cribriform plate, Frontal sinus, Groove of the middle meningeal artery, Internal acoustic canal, Jugular foramen, Suprameatal tubercle, Jugular tubercle, Hypoglossal canal, Sigmoid sinus, Transverse sinus, Squama occipitalis
6. Lamina papyracea and ostea
The ethmoid air cells are removed presenting the lamina papyracea (medial orbital wall). Metal stylets are placed in the nasolacrimal duct and foramen rotundum (indicating the course of the maxillary nerve).
Annotations Lamina papiracea, Semilunar hiatus, Posterior ethmoid aircells, Vidian canal, Sphenoid sinus ostium, Rostrum sphenoidale, Foramen rotundum, Marking in the frontal sinus duct, Indicator showing the course of the nasolacrimal canal, Inferior turbinate, Course of the nasolacrimal duct, Optic strut, Superior orbital fissure, Greater sphenoid wing, Anterior clinoid process, Optic canal, Orbital roof, Infraorbital canal, Infraorbital foramen, Maxilla - hard plate, Sphenoid sinus, Sellar floor, Clivus, Internal acoustic canal, Jugular foramen, Jugular tubercle, Hypoglossal canal, Occipital condyle, Inferior petrosal sinus groove, Sigmoid sinus groove, Transverse sinus groove, Occipital squama, Groove of the middle meningeal artery
The ethmoid air cells are removed presenting the lamina papyracea (medial orbital wall). Metal stylets are placed in the nasolacrimal duct and foramen rotundum (indicating the course of the maxillary nerve).
Annotations Lamina papiracea, Semilunar hiatus, Posterior ethmoid aircells, Vidian canal, Sphenoid sinus ostium, Rostrum sphenoidale, Foramen rotundum, Marking in the frontal sinus duct, Indicator showing the course of the nasolacrimal canal, Inferior turbinate, Course of the nasolacrimal duct, Optic strut, Superior orbital fissure, Greater sphenoid wing, Anterior clinoid process, Optic canal, Orbital roof, Infraorbital canal, Infraorbital foramen, Maxilla - hard plate, Sphenoid sinus, Sellar floor, Clivus, Internal acoustic canal, Jugular foramen, Jugular tubercle, Hypoglossal canal, Occipital condyle, Inferior petrosal sinus groove, Sigmoid sinus groove, Transverse sinus groove, Occipital squama, Groove of the middle meningeal artery