Anatomography Dataset Modifications list

Source Dataset

This 3D atlas incorporates anatomical 3D data from BodyParts3D, Database Center for Life Science (DBCLS), Japan Mitsuhashi N. et al., 2009. Nucleic Acids Research, 37(Database issue): D782–D785. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn613] Open access database: https://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/ License: CC BY-SA 2.1 JP

Summary of Modifications

The original BodyParts3D anatomical models were used as a base and adapted for integration into the 3D Atlas of Neurological Surgery project.

The following modifications and additions were made:

1. Subdivision and Merging of Meshes

  • Anatomical meshes were subdivided or merged to isolate and define individual structures of the upper and lower limbs.
  • Certain meshes were simplified or combined to improve clarity and visualization in regional anatomical views.

2. Reorganization by Anatomical Region

  • The models were reorganized topographically into the following regions: shoulder, arm, forearm, hand, gluteal region, thigh, leg, and foot.
  • This reorganization was implemented to facilitate educational navigation and visualization in Sketchfab Viewer.

3. Color Coding and Materials

  •  Each anatomical structure was assigned a distinct color and material, to differentiate systems (muscles, bones, arteries, veins, nerves). Textures were created for the muscles and each idividual muscle was painted individually
  • No PBR materials were applied — only simple color-coded materials for clarity and educational use.
  • Additional functional color-coding schemes were created for:
  • Dermatomal distributions of the upper and lower limbs.
  • Peripheral nerve distributions (cutaneous innervation maps).
  • Brachial plexus and lumbar plexus subdivisions, including color distinctions for roots, trunks/divisions, cords, and terminal branches.

4. Anatomical Labeling

  • Every anatomical structure in each 3D model was manually labeled using its correct anatomical name following Terminologia Anatomica.
  • All labeled structures include individual muscles, bones, arteries, veins, and nerves of both upper and lower extremities.

5. Additions and Small Corrections

  • Additional small arteries and veins not present in the original dataset were created and integrated into the appropriate anatomical regions.
  • Minor polygon refinements were performed to improve mesh continuity or correct small imperfections.

6. Newly Created Structures (De Novo 3D Models)

  • The brachial plexus, lumbosacral plexus, and the peripheral nerve anatomy of both the upper and lower extremities were modeled entirely de novo.
  • These structures were not present in the original BodyParts3D dataset and were created specifically for enhanced educational and neurosurgical visualization.
  • Dermatomal maps, peripheral nerve cutaneous distribution maps, and lumbar plexus subdivisions were also created de novo and integrated into the atlas.

Citation

Mitsuhashi N., Fujieda K., Tamura T., et al. (2009). BodyParts3D: an integrated three-dimensional human anatomy database. Nucleic Acids Research, 37(Database issue): D782–D785. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn613. Source: https://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/